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CNC machine tools for parts processing need to pay attention to what

The choice of cutting tools for the accessories processing is one of the important contents in the numerical control processing technology. It not only affects the efficiency of CNC machining, but also directly affects the quality of the accessories processing. Because the spindle speed and range of CNC machine tools are much higher than that of ordinary machine tools, and the spindle output power is relatively large, compared with the traditional processing methods, higher requirements are put forward for CNC machining tools, including high precision, high strength and rigidity. Good, high durability, and requires a stable size, easy installation and adjustment, the characteristics of CNC drive spindle drive system. This requires a reasonable tool structure, standardization of geometric parameters, and serialization. CNC tooling is one of the prerequisites for improving the machining efficiency. Its choice depends on the geometry of the part being machined, the material state, the fixture and the rigidity of the tool selected by the machine tool. The following should be considered:

（1）The tool is selected according to the cutting performance of the accessory processing material. Such as car or milling high-strength steel, titanium alloy, stainless steel parts, it is recommended to choose a good wear-resistant indexable carbide cutting tools.

（2）According to the metal parts processing stage selection tool. That is to say, the roughing stage is mainly based on removing the margin, and the tool with better rigidity and lower precision should be selected. The semi-finishing and finishing stages are mainly used to ensure the machining accuracy and product quality of the part, and high durability and accuracy should be selected. For high cutting tools, the accuracy of the tools used in the roughing stage is the lowest, and the accuracy of the tools used in the finishing stage is the highest. If the same tool is used for rough and finish machining, it is recommended to use the tools that are eliminated during the roughing process, because the wear of the tools that are eliminated during the finishing process is mostly due to slight wear of the blades. The wear of the coating is lighted, and the continued use will affect the finish machining. Processing quality but less impact on roughing

（3）According to the characteristics of CNC lathe machining area, the tool and geometric parameters are selected. When the part structure allows, a tool with a large diameter and a small aspect ratio should be selected; the center-end angle of the over-center milling cutter for cutting thin-walled and ultra-thin-wall parts should have enough tangential angle to reduce the cutting of the tool and the cutting part. force. When processing aluminum, copper and other softer material parts, choose an end mill with a slightly larger front rake and do not use more than 4 teeth

When selecting a tool, the dimensions of the tool must be adapted to the surface dimensions of the workpiece being machined. In production, the processing of peripheral contours of flat parts often uses end mills; when milling planes, carbide cutters are selected; when machining bosses and grooves, high speed steel end mills are selected; hardware parts are machined on the surface or When roughing holes, corn milling inserts with carbide inserts can be selected; for some machining of three-dimensional profiles and variable-angle contours, ball-end cutters, ring cutters, taper cutters and disk-shaped cutters are often used. Knife.

When performing free-form surface machining, since the cutting speed of the end of the ball-end cutting tool is zero, in order to ensure the accuracy of the numerical control machining, the cutting line spacing is generally very small, so the ball-end milling cutter is suitable for the surface finishing. The end mill is far superior to the ball end mill both in terms of surface machining quality and machining efficiency. Therefore, in the premise of ensuring that the part is not over-cut, the rough end and semi-finishing work surface should be selected as much as possible. Milling cutter. In addition, the tool's durability and precision are highly related to the tool's price. It must be noticed that, in most cases, selecting a good tool increases the tool cost, but the resulting increase in machining quality and machining efficiency. , you can greatly reduce the cost of the entire process.

In the machining center, all the tools are pre-installed in the magazine, and the corresponding tool change actions are performed through the NC program's tool selection and tool change commands. The corresponding standard tool holders suitable for the machine tool system specifications must be selected so that the tools for CNC machining can be quickly and accurately mounted on the machine tool spindle or returned to the tool magazine. The programmer should be able to understand the structure of the shank used in the machine tool, adjust the method and adjust the scope of the content, in order to ensure that the radial and axial dimensions of the tool in the programming, a reasonable arrangement of the order of the tool.